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Research Highlights

Marcela Carena

Distinguished scientist Marcela Carena appointed new Executive Director of Perimeter Institute

Perimeter will welcome Marcela Carena as its new Executive Director on November 4, 2024. Carena is one of the world’s most renowned experts on particle physics. She comes to Perimeter following her directorship of the Theory Group at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and her tenure as a physics professor at the University of Chicago. She has been a Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at Perimeter and served as the chair of Perimeter’s Scientific Advisory Committee from 2022. As Executive Director, she will take over from Robert Myers, a long-time faculty member at Perimeter, following the completion of his five-year term. During his term, Myers oversaw the establishment of Perimeter’s Clay Riddell Centre for Quantum Matter in 2020,

launched new initiatives in quantum causal inference and celestial holography, and established Perimeter’s innovative PSI Start training program. Myers remains at Perimeter as a faculty member and BMO Financial Group Isaac Newton Chair in Theoretical Physics. He passes the torch to Carena confidently, saying, “I am certain that her leadership will guide Perimeter into a bright and exciting future.” Carena’s scientific pedigree and her expertise in fostering strong partnerships and collaborations set her on good footing to lead the Institute through its twenty-fifth anniversary year and into its next quarter-century of foundational research.

Perimeter Institute receives renewed funding from the federal and provincial governments

The Province of Ontario and the Government of Canada announced new funding for Perimeter Institute this year. The Province committed $36 million over three years via the Ministry of Colleges and Universities while the federal government allocated $34.4 million over five years via Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada’s Strategic Science Fund. These investments let Perimeter continue offering world-class programs in research, training, and outreach. The funding also ensures that Canada, Ontario, and Perimeter remain hubs for scientific discovery in an increasingly competitive knowledge-based economy worldwide.

“This renewed support will help Perimeter advance breakthroughs in fundamental science, inspire young minds, train exceptional students, and play a central role in expanding Ontario’s and Canada’s quantum ecosystem. We are deeply grateful to our federal and provincial partners for their ongoing support of Perimeter and its mission. Our work would not be possible without them – together, we are creating a world-class hub for theoretical physics, building strong partnerships, and enabling scientific innovation.”

Robert Myers, Director

A dazzling year for black hole imaging with the Event Horizon Telescope

Avery Broderick

A picture is worth a thousand words, and new images of supermassive black holes have a lot to say. It takes a global effort to capture and interpret images from the Event Horizon Telescope, and Canadian scientists play a crucial role in making it happen. As a partner institute of the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration, Perimeter researchers, led by Research Associate Faculty member Avery Broderick, are using tools and techniques designed right here in Waterloo to delve into the images of supermassive black holes M87* and SgrA*, telling the story of black hole evolution and bringing the unruly core of our galactic neighbourhood into sharper focus. New results this year produced a second image of M87*, as well as images of polarized light for the first time from both M87* and SgrA*.

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The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration has released new images of M87* from observations taken in April 2018 (right), one year after the first observations in April 2017 (left). The new observations in 2018, which feature the first participation of the Greenland Telescope, reveal a familiar, bright ring of emission of the same size as we found in 2017. 

Black holes enter the laboratory

The black hole information paradox – the question of whether information can be recovered once it falls into a black hole – has occupied physicists for almost half a century. Perimeter Research Faculty member Beni Yoshida says he has an answer: it’s a yes. What’s more, it’s a yes that we can finally test. Yoshida and his collaborators used a toolkit to turn the question of how black holes scramble information into one about the preservation of information in quantum systems. Following Yoshida’s work, researchers at the Joint Quantum Institute at the University of Maryland ran the experiment using one of the most carefully controlled quantum systems in the world: a handful of very cold ions, caught in magnetic wells, and carefully nudged using laser pulses. The landmark result was originally published in a 2019 Nature paper, the first paper to report on simulating the physics of quantum black holes and observing quantum information scrambling in a convincing manner. Now, Yoshida is exploring the wide-ranging implications of this result for quantum information studies.

Refrences:

Reference: T. Schuster (UC Berkeley), B. Kobrin (UC Berkeley/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), P. Gao (MIT), I. Cong (Harvard), E.T. Khabiboulline (Harvard), N.M. Linke (Maryland U.), M.D. Lukin (Harvard), C. Monroe (Maryland U./IonQ), B. Yoshida (Perimeter), N.Y. Yao (UC Berkeley), “Many-body quantum teleportation via operator spreading in the traversable wormhole protocol,” Phys. Rev. X 12 (2022), arXiv: 2102.00010.

K.A. Landsman (Maryland U.), C. Figgatt (Maryland U.), T. Schuster (UC Berkeley), B. Yoshida (Perimeter), N.Y. Yao (UC Berkeley), C. Monroe (Maryland U./IonQ), “Verified quantum information scrambling,” Nature 567, 61-65 (2019), arXiv: 1806.02807.
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PI People

Quantum Matter Explorer

Timothy Hsieh

If you’ve ever heard an orchestra live, you know how music can swell and fill a space as each instrument combines into a beautiful song. Timothy Hsieh, Director of the Clay Riddell Centre for Quantum Matter and research faculty member, is interested in a similar phenomenon, albeit at a quantum level. Much like a music composer, Hsieh comes up with new combinations of nature’s tiniest pieces and creates blueprints for novel phenomena that could be more powerful than the sum of their parts. The goal is to discover interesting emergent properties in quantum matter that may be useful to the advancement of quantum computing.

Quantum AI Olympics

Mohamed Hibat-Allah
Imagine going to Olympic hurdle races where, instead of human runners, the competitors are different kinds of artificial intelligence (AI) models – some run on regular or “classical” computers and others on quantum computers. With each race, you can learn which type of computer “wins” and solves certain problems more efficiently. This was the goal of a paper published by a team of researchers including Mohamed Hibat-Allah, Perimeter Scholars International (PSI) Fellow, and Juan Carrasquilla, a former Perimeter postdoctoral researcher and current Visiting Fellow. Understanding the limits and potential of quantum computers is especially important in generative AI, where quantum computing may hold an advantage in areas with small sets of training data, like in the pharmaceutical industry. If quantum computing can make generative AI more efficient and effective, it could be a game-changer in fields like drug discovery.

Refrences:

M. Hibat-Allah (Perimeter/Zapata Computing/U. Waterloo), M. Mauri (Zapata Computing), J. Carrasquilla (Vector Institute/U. Waterloo/U. Toronto), A. Perdomo-Ortiz (Zapata Computing), “A framework for demonstrating practical quantum advantage: racing quantum against classical generative models,” Commun.Phys. 7, 68 (2024), arXiv: 2303.15626.
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Asimina Arvanitaki
Amalia Madden

Searching for axions

Piezoelectricity, a phenomenon in which certain types of materials generate an electrical charge when compressed or squeezed, was first demonstrated by physicists almost 150 years ago. Now, Asimina Arvanitaki, research faculty member and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Aristarchus Chair in Theoretical Physics, together with Perimeter PhD student Amalia Madden and a team of researchers, think piezoelectricity could be used to find hypothetical dark matter particles called axions. In a paper published in Physical Review Letters this year, they argue that axions could produce a detectable signal in some piezoelectric materials. This newly hypothesized “piezoaxionic effect” could be the key to detecting this dark matter candidate. With the theory in place, Arvanitaki and Madden are now exploring collaborations with experimental researchers to test out the idea.

Refrences:

A. Arvanitaki (Perimeter), A. Madden (Perimeter/U. Waterloo), K. Van Tillburg (New York U./Flatiron Institute), “Piezoaxionic effect,” Phys. Rev. D 109, 072009 (2024), arXiv: 2112.11466.
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Running the clock backward reveals spacetime “disintegrating” in the early universe

Barbara Šoda, a postdoctoral researcher at Perimeter Institute, is using mathematical tools of spectral geometry to bring a fresh perspective to the origins of the universe. Her work with Achim Kempf, a Perimeter Affiliate and University of Waterloo professor, and Marcus Reitz of Jagiellonian University in Poland, suggests spacetime could emerge from shapeless bits of quantum information. If true, spacetime could change its very structure and number of dimensions, such as going from two dimensions to the three dimensions of space (and one of time) that we know.

Šoda is also working with physicists Jonathan Oppenheim, Carlos Sparaciari, and Zachary Weller-Davies, a recent Perimeter postdoctoral researcher, to dig into Oppenheim’s “postquantum theory of gravity.” This theory predicts that random fluctuations in spacetime can also render the apparent weight of objects unpredictable, if the objects are measured precisely enough. All this plays into the grand quest of modern physics research: uniting our understanding of general relativity (Einstein’s gravity theory) with quantum theory, which describes the interactions of fundamental particles and forces in nature.

References: M. Reitz (Jagiellonian U.), B. Šoda (Perimeter), A. Kempf (U. Waterloo/Perimeter), “Model for emergence of spacetime from fluctuations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 211501 (2023), arXiv: 2303.01519

J. Oppenheim (UCL), C. Sparaciari (UCL), B. Šoda (Perimeter), Z. Weller-Davies (UCL/Perimeter), “Gravitationally induced decoherence vs space-time diffusion: testing the quantum nature of gravity,” Nature Commun. 14, 7910 (2023), arXiv: 2203.01982.

A unique Perimeter collaboration explores the link between quantum information and tiling patterns

Latham Boyle
What happens when you put a quantum computing researcher and an aperiodic tiling expert on a shuttle from Perimeter to Toronto? For postdoctoral researcher Zhi Li and Visiting Fellow Latham Boyle, the answer is a new type of quantum coding. The two struck up an unlikely conversation last year while on the way to Toronto, where they noticed that aperiodic tiling, a non-repeating way to tile a plane with limited tile sets, and quantum error-correcting coding used different math that shared intriguing resemblances. They started to wonder if one could inform the other and began a new research program to find out. The result: a new type of quantum error-correcting coding that could help find and correct errors in quantum computing codes.

Refrences:

Z. Li (Perimeter), L. Boyle (Perimeter/U. Edinburgh), “The Penrose tiling is a quantum error-correcting code,” arXiv:2311.13040
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